Company Structures
Business Entity Types
Compare PT PMA, PT PMDN, Representative Office, and more — side by side with capital requirements, governance rules, and foreign ownership eligibility.
5 company types | Side-by-side comparison | Capital requirements
| Structure | Foreign Ownership | Min Capital | Directors | Commissioners | Shareholders | Revenue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV (Commanditaire Vennootschap / Limited Partnership)(CV) | N/A | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
PMA Virtual Office / Branch Office(KPPA-BO)Recommended for foreigners | N/A | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
PT PMA (Foreign Investment Company)(PT PMA)Recommended for foreigners | Rp 10.000.000.000 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
PT PMDN (Domestic Investment Company)(PT PMDN) | Rp 50.000.000 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
Representative Office (KPPA)(KPPA) | N/A | 1 | 0 | 0 |
CV (Commanditaire Vennootschap / Limited Partnership)
CVA limited partnership structure available only to Indonesian nationals. Simple to establish with no minimum capital. Suitable for small businesses.
0
Directors
0
Commissioners
2
Shareholders
PMA Virtual Office / Branch Office
KPPA-BOBranch of a foreign company operating in specific sectors like oil & gas, banking, or construction. Limited to contracted project work.
1
Directors
0
Commissioners
0
Shareholders
PT PMA (Foreign Investment Company)
PT PMAThe standard legal entity for foreign-owned businesses in Indonesia. Allows up to 100% foreign ownership depending on the business sector (KBLI code). Required for most foreign business activities.
1
Directors
1
Commissioners
2
Shareholders
PT PMDN (Domestic Investment Company)
PT PMDNStandard Indonesian company for domestic investors. 100% locally owned. Lower capital requirements than PT PMA. Can operate in sectors closed to foreign investment.
1
Directors
1
Commissioners
2
Shareholders
Representative Office (KPPA)
KPPAA liaison office for foreign companies to conduct market research, promote products, and oversee investments in Indonesia. Cannot generate revenue or sign contracts in Indonesia.
1
Directors
0
Commissioners
0
Shareholders